Protein interaction and signaling databases
1.DIP
http://dip.doe-mbi.ucla.edu/
The Database of Interacting Proteins (DIP) collects experimentally verified protein–protein interactions, including protein information, interaction information and experimental methods. The source describes searches by protein, species, superfamily, keyword, method or publication.
2.BIND
http://www.bind.ca/
The Biomolecular Interaction Network Database (BIND) was designed to store descriptions of interactions, molecular complexes and pathways, including interactions between proteins, nucleic acids and small molecules, chemical reactions, photochemical activation and conformational changes. The source describes applications in interaction networks, pathways and kinetic simulations.
3.MINT
Http://cbm.bio.uniroma2.it/mint/
The Molecular INTeraction database (MINT) stores biomolecular interactions involving proteins, RNA and DNA and enzymatic modifications. It supports queries for experimentally verified direct and indirect protein–protein interactions.
4.3DID(3D interacting domains)
http://3did.irbbarcelona.org
http://gatealoy.pcb.ub.es/3did/
Collects interactions involving proteins with known 3D structures; the source describes searches by domain, motif, sequence, GO code, PDB ID or Pfam code.
5.DOMINE
http://domine.utdallas.edu
A domain interaction database.
6.PiSite(Database of Protein interaction sites)
http://pisite.hgc.jp
Searches protein sequences for interaction sites using PDB-based information.
7.Binding MOAD
http://www.BindingMOAD.org
Provides protein–ligand crystal structure information, annotated ligands for proteins with known structures and experimentally measured affinity data.
8.Phospho.ELM
http://phospho.elm.eu.org
A database of protein phosphorylation sites.
9.STITCH
http://stitch.embl.de/
A protein–compound interaction network database.
10.UniHI
http://www.unihi.org
A human protein interaction database; the source describes queries by protein name or metabolic pathway.
11.KEGG
http://www.genome.ad.jp/kegg/
The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) is a knowledge resource for connecting genomic and functional information. The source describes GENES for genomic sequences, PATHWAY for biological processes and conserved subpathways, and LIGAND for chemical substances, enzymes and reactions. It also describes graphical and sequence-comparison tools; availability and access terms may have changed since the original article.
12.PID
http://pid.nci.nih.gov/
Established by the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) and Nature, this resource describes human cell signaling, regulation and cellular processes and supports searches by molecule or metabolic process.
13.Reactome
http://www.reactome.org/
A database of human pathways and processes, providing biochemical network diagrams, protein annotations and cross-references to resources such as UniProt, KEGG and OMIM.
14.SPAD(signaling pathway database)
A signaling pathway database covering extracellular signals such as growth factors, cytokines, hormones and stress.
15.CSNDB(cell signaling networks database)
A cell signaling network database created by Japan’s National Institute of Health Sciences. The source describes biomolecular sequence, structure, function and biochemical reaction information with automatic pathway diagrams.
16.VirHostNet
http://virhostnet.prabi.fr/
A virus–host molecular interaction network database providing protein interactions and associated annotations, searchable by terms such as gene, protein or pathway.
17.Bionemo(molecular information on biodegradation metabolism)
http://bionemo.bioinfo.cnio.es
Collects proteins and genes associated with biodegradation, including sequences, domains, structures, regulatory elements and transcription units, as well as pathways and biochemical reactions.
18.STKE (signal transduction knowledge environment)
http://stke.sciencemag.org/
A signal-transduction knowledge resource described as jointly provided by Science and Stanford University, covering pathways involved in metabolism, division, differentiation, function and apoptosis.
19.Nature Signaling Gateway
http://www.signaling-gateway.org/
NatureSignaling Gateway An information site covering cell signaling pathways, the Cell Signaling Pathways Alliance and Nature Publishing Group.
20.Biocarta- charting pathways of life
An open-source resource providing online diagrams of selected signaling pathways.
21.PMAP
http://www.proteolysis.org
A protein degradation pathway database.
Lifeint provides EV research and application services from sample preparation, isolation and characterization to omics, functional studies, modification and scale-up. It jointly established a biomedical technology centre with Xiamen University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, built process-development laboratories to GMP standards, and contributed to an EV expert consensus. Its service records cover more than 300 plant species.
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