PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling pathways |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | PI3K | Phosphoinositide 3-kinase | LY294002 |
2 | mTOR | Mammalian target of rapamycin | AZD8055 |
3 | Akt | Protein kinase B | MK-2206 2HCl |
4 | GSK-3 | Glycogen synthase kinase-3 | CHIR-99021 (CT99021) HCl |
5 | ATM/ATR | ATM Protein kinase / ATR protein kinase | KU-55933/VE-821 |
6 | PDK-1 | 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDPK1) | OSU-03012 (AR-12) |
7 | S6 Kinase | S6 kinase | BI-D1870 |
8 | AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase | Dorsomorphin 2HCl |
9 | DNA-PK | DNA -dependent protein kinase | NU7026 |
Epigenetics |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | HDAC | Histone deacetylase | Trichostatin A (TSA) |
2 | PARP | Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (DNA repair enzyme) | Veliparib (ABT-888) |
3 | JAK | Janus family tyrosine kinase | AZD1480 |
4 | Pim | Pim protein kinase | SGI-1776 |
5 | HIF | Hypoxia-inducible factor | 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-MeOE2) |
6 | Aurora Kinase | Aurora kinase | ZM 447439 |
7 | Sirtuin | deacetylase | Sirtinol |
8 | DNA Methyltransferase | DNA methyltransferase | RG108 |
9 | Histone Methyltransferase | Histone methyltransferase | EPZ5676 |
10 | Epigenetic Reader Domain | Epigenetic reader domain | I-BET151 (GSK1210151A) |
11 | Histone Demethylase | Histone demethylase | OG-L002 |
12 | Histone Acetyltransferase | Histone acetyltransferase | MG149 |
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | VEGFR | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor | Axitinib |
2 | EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor | Gefitinib |
3 | PDGFR | Platelet-derived growth factor receptor | Imatinib |
4 | c-Met | Mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor | Tivantinib |
5 | HER2 | Human epidermal growth factor receptor II | Lapatinib |
6 | IGF-1R | Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor | Linsitinib |
7 | FLT3 | FMS -like tyrosine kinase-3 | Quizartinib |
8 | FGFR | Fibroblast growth factor receptor | PD173074 |
9 | c-Kit | Stem cell growth factor | Masitinib |
10 | ALK | Anaplastic lymphoma kinase | Ceritinib |
11 | Tie-2 | Tie-2 Recipient | Tie2 kinase inhibitor |
12 | c-RET | Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor | Danusertib |
13 | TAM Receptor | TAM Recipient | UNC2250 |
14 | CSF-1R | Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor | GW2580 |
15 | Ephrin receptor | Ephrin Recipient | NVP-BHG712 |
16 | Trk receptor | Trk Recipient | GW441756 |
Angiogenesis |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | VEGFR | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor | Axitinib |
2 | JAK | Janus family tyrosine kinase | AZD1480 |
3 | EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor | Gefitinib |
4 | PDGFR | Platelet-derived growth factor receptor | Imatinib |
5 | HER2 | Human epidermal growth factor receptor II | Lapatinib |
6 | FLT3 | FMS -like tyrosine kinase-3 | Quizartinib |
7 | FGFR | Fibroblast growth factor receptor | PD173074 |
8 | HIF | Hypoxia-inducible factor | 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-MeOE2) |
9 | VDA | Vascular disrupting agent | DMXAA (Vadimezan) |
10 | Bcr-Abl | Bcr-Abl protein kinase | Ponatinib |
11 | Src | Src family kinase | Dasatinib |
12 | ALK | Anaplastic lymphoma kinase | Ceritinib |
13 | Syk | Spleen tyrosine kinase | R406 |
14 | FAK | Focal adhesion kinase | PF-00562271 |
15 | BTK | Tyrosine kinase | Ibrutinib |
Apoptosis |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | Bcl-2 | Bcl-2 Protein | ABT-737 |
2 | Caspase | Caspase | Z-VAD-FMK |
3 | p53 | p53 Protein | Pifithrin-α (PFTα) |
4 | TNF-alpha | Tumor necrosis factor-α | Pomalidomide |
5 | Mdm2 | Mouse double minute 2 protein | Nutlin-3 |
6 | Survivin | Survivin | YM155 (Sepantronium Bromide) |
7 | c-RET | Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor receptor | Danusertib |
8 | IAP | Baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis protein | Birinapant |
9 | PERK | Human protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase | Salubrinal |
Autophagy |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | Autophagy | Autophagy | Trifluoperazine 2HCl |
2 | LRRK2 | Leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase | GNE-0877 |
JAK/STAT Signaling pathways |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | JAK | Janus family tyrosine kinase | AZD1480 |
2 | STAT | Signal transducer and activator of transcription | Fludarabine |
3 | EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor | Gefitinib |
4 | Pim | Pim protein kinase | SGI-1776 |
MAPK Signaling pathways |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | MEK | Mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase | Selumetinib |
2 | Raf | Raf kinase | Vemurafenib |
3 | p38 MAPK | p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase | SB203580 |
4 | JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase | SP600125 |
5 | ERK | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase | SCH772984 |
Cytoskeletal signaling pathways |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | Akt | Protein kinase B | MK-2206 2HCl |
2 | Bcr-Abl | Bcr-Abl protein kinase | Ponatinib |
3 | Wnt/beta-catenin | Wnt/ β-catenin | XAV-939 |
4 | PKC | Protein kinase C | Go6976 |
5 | FAK | Focal adhesion kinase | PF-00562271 |
6 | HSP | Heat shock protein | BIIB021 |
7 | KSP | Spindle kinesin | SB743921 |
8 | Microtubule Associated | Tubulin | Combretastatin A4 |
9 | Integrin | Integrin | Cilengitide |
10 | PAK | p21 activated kinase | IPA-3 |
11 | Dynamin | Dynamin | Dynasore |
CellsTurnaroundSignaling pathways |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | CDK | Cyclin-dependent kinase | Dinaciclib |
2 | Aurora Kinase | Aurora kinase | ZM 447439 |
3 | Chk | Cell-cycle checkpoint kinase | AZD7762 |
4 | ROCK | Rho kinase | Fasudil |
5 | PLK | polo -like kinase | BI 2536 |
6 | APC | Anaphase-promoting factor | TAME |
7 | Wee1 | Wee1 protein kinase | MK-1775 |
8 | Rho | Rho FamiliesProtein | NSC 23766 |
9 | c-Myc | c-Myc Protein | 10058-F4 |
TGF-beta/Smad Signaling pathways |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | TGF-beta/Smad | Transforming growth factor-β / Smad proteins | SB431542 |
2 | Bcr-Abl | Bcr-Abl protein kinase | Ponatinib |
3 | PKC | Protein kinase C | Go6976 |
4 | ROCK | Rho kinase | Fasudil |
DNA damage signaling pathway |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | HDAC | Histone deacetylase | Trichostatin A (TSA) |
2 | ATM/ATR | ATM Protein kinase / ATR protein kinase | KU-55933/VE-821 |
3 | PARP | Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (DNA repair enzyme) | Veliparib (ABT-888) |
4 | DNA/RNA Synthesis | DNA/RNA synthesis | Cisplatin |
5 | Sirtuin | deacetylase | Sirtinol |
6 | Topoisomerase | Topoisomerase | Irinotecan |
7 | DNA-PK | DNA -dependent protein kinase | NU7026 |
8 | Telomerase | Telomerase | BIBR 1532 |
Stem cells & Wnt signaling |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | GSK-3 | Glycogen synthase kinase-3 | CHIR-99021 (CT99021) HCl |
2 | JAK | Janus family tyrosine kinase | AZD1480 |
3 | STAT | Signal transducer and activator of transcription | Fludarabine |
4 | TGF-beta/Smad | Transforming growth factor-β / Smad proteins | SB431542 |
5 | Wnt/beta-catenin | Wnt/ β-catenin | XAV-939 |
6 | ROCK | Rho kinase | Fasudil |
7 | Gamma-secretase | γ-secretase | RO4929097 |
8 | Hedgehog/Smoothened | Hedgehog / Smoothened protein | Vismodegib |
9 | Casein Kinase | Casein kinase | Silmitasertib |
Ubiquitination signaling |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | Proteasome | Proteasome | Bortezomib |
2 | DUB | Deubiquitinase | PR-619 |
3 | E3 Ligase | Ubiquitin ligase | Nutlin-3 |
4 | p97 | Melanotransferrin | NMS-873 |
5 | E2 conjugating | Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme | NSC697923 |
6 | E1 Activating | Ubiquitin-activating enzyme | PYR-41 |
Neuronal signaling |
| Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | Beta Amyloid | β-amyloid | RO4929097 |
2 | 5-HT Receptor | 5- Serotonin receptor | Clozapine |
3 | COX | Cyclooxygenase | Celecoxib |
4 | Gamma-secretase | γ-secretase | RO4929097 |
5 | GluR | Glutamate receptor | Latrepirdine |
6 | Adrenergic Receptor | Adrenergic receptor | Doxazosin Mesylate |
7 | AChR | Acetylcholine receptor | Donepezil HCl |
8 | Histamine Receptor | Histamine receptor | Loratadine |
9 | Dopamine Receptor | Dopamine receptor | Chlorpromazine HCl |
10 | Opioid Receptor | Opioid receptor | Naloxone HCl |
11 | GABA Receptor | γ-aminobutyric acid receptor | Flumazenil |
12 | P-gp | P- Glycoprotein | Tariquidar |
13 | P2 Receptor | P2 Recipient | Prasugrel |
14 | OX Receptor | Orexin receptor | SB408124 |
15 | MT Receptor | Melatonin receptor | Ramelteon |
16 | BACE | β-amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme | LY2811376 |
17 | CaMK | Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase | NH125 |
NF- κBSignaling pathways |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | HDAC | Histone deacetylase | Trichostatin A (TSA) |
2 | NF-κB | NF- κBProteinFamilies | PDTC |
3 | IκB/IKK | I κB protein / kinase | BAY 11-7082 |
4 | NOD1 | Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 1 | ML130 (Nodinitib-1) |
G protein-coupled receptors & G proteins |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | 5-HT Receptor | 5- Serotonin receptor | Clozapine |
2 | Adrenergic Receptor | Adrenergic receptor | Doxazosin Mesylate |
3 | Histamine Receptor | Histamine receptor | Loratadine |
4 | Dopamine Receptor | Dopamine receptor | Chlorpromazine HCl |
5 | Opioid Receptor | Opioid receptor | Naloxone HCl |
6 | Cannabinoid Receptor | Cannabinoid receptor | AM630 |
7 | Endothelin Receptor | Endothelin receptor | Bosentan |
8 | S1P Receptor | 1- Sphingosine phosphate receptor | SKI II |
9 | Hedgehog/Smoothened | Hedgehog / Smoothened protein | Vismodegib |
10 | SGLT | Sodium–glucose cotransporter | Dapagliflozin |
11 | LPA Receptor | Lysophosphatidic acid receptor | Ki16425 |
12 | OX Receptor | Orexin receptor | SB408124 |
13 | CGRP Receptor | Calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor | MK-3207 HCl |
14 | MT Receptor | Melatonin receptor | Ramelteon |
15 | PAFR | Platelet-activating factor receptor | Ginkgolide B |
16 | CaSR | Calcium-sensing receptor | NPS-2143 |
17 | CXCR | CXC chemokine receptor | Plerixafor (AMD3100) |
18 | Vasopressin Receptor | Vasopressin receptor | Conivaptan HCl |
19 | cAMP | Cyclic adenosine monophosphate | Rolipram |
20 | Adenosine Receptor | Adenosine receptor | Istradefylline |
Endocrine & hormone signaling |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | 5-alpha Reductase | 5- α-reductase | Dutasteride |
2 | Estrogen/progestogen Receptor | Estrogen / progesterone receptor | Raloxifene HCl |
3 | Androgen Receptor | Androgen receptor | Enzalutamide |
4 | RAAS | Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system | Losartan Potassium |
5 | Opioid Receptor | Opioid receptor | Naloxone HCl |
6 | Aromatase | Aromatase | Letrozole |
7 | GPR | G protein-coupled receptor | AZD1981 |
8 | Glucocorticoid Receptor | Glucocorticoid receptor | RU-486 |
Transmembrane transport proteins |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | Calcium Channel | Calcium channel | Verapamil HCl |
2 | Sodium Channel | Sodium channel | Amiloride HCl |
3 | ATPase | Adenosine triphosphatase | Brefeldin A |
4 | Potassium Channel | Potassium channel | Amiodarone HCl |
5 | GABA Receptor | γ-aminobutyric acid receptor | Flumazenil |
6 | P-gp | P- Glycoprotein | Tariquidar |
7 | Proton Pump | Proton pump | Lansoprazole |
8 | CFTR | Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator | CFTRinh-172 |
9 | TRPV | Transient receptor potential vanilloid | SB705498 |
10 | CRM1 | Exportin 1 | Selinexor |
Cell metabolism molecules |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | PPAR | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor | T0070907 |
2 | P450 | P450 Recipient | Abiraterone |
3 | HSP | Heat shock protein | BIIB021 |
4 | PDE | Phosphodiesterase | Sildenafil Citrate |
5 | Hydroxylase | hydroxylase | Mildronate |
6 | Factor Xa | Xa Coagulation factor | Rivaroxaban |
7 | DHFR | Dihydrofolate reductase | Methotrexate |
8 | Dehydrogenase | dehydrogenase | CPI-613 |
9 | Procollagen C Proteinase | Procollagen C-proteinase | UK 383367 |
10 | Phospholipase | Phospholipase | Varespladib (LY315920) |
11 | Carbonic Anhydrase | Carbonic anhydrase | Dorzolamide HCl |
12 | MAO | Monoamine oxidase | Moclobemide |
13 | FAAH | Fatty acid amide hydrolase | URB597 |
14 | CETP | Cholesteryl ester transfer protein | Anacetrapib (MK-0859) |
15 | Transferase | transferase | Tipifarnib |
16 | Ferroptosis | Ferroptosis | Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) |
17 | HMG-CoA Reductase | Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase | Simvastatin |
18 | IDO | Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase | NLG919 |
19 | Retinoid Receptor | Retinoic acid receptor | HX531 |
20 | AhR | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor | CH-223191 |
21 | Casein Kinase | Casein kinase | Silmitasertib |
Proteases |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | Proteasome | Proteasome | MG-132 |
2 | Caspase | Caspase | Z-VAD-FMK |
3 | Gamma-secretase | γ-secretase | RO4929097 |
4 | HCV Protease | Hepatitis C virus protease | Telaprevir |
5 | DPP-4 | Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 | Linagliptin |
6 | HIV Protease | Human immunodeficiency virus protease | Ritonavir |
7 | MMP | Matrix metalloproteinase | Batimastat (BB-94) |
8 | Cysteine Protease | Cysteine protease | Odanacatib (MK-0822) |
9 | Serine Protease | Serine protease | PMSF |
Microbial proteins |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | HCV Protease | Hepatitis C virus protease | Telaprevir |
2 | Integrase | Integrase | Raltegravir (MK-0518) |
3 | Reverse Transcriptase | Reverse transcriptase | Tenofovir |
4 | CCR | Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase | Maraviroc |
5 | HIV Protease | Human immunodeficiency virus protease | Ritonavir |
OtherPathwayProtein |
No. | Target / molecule | Introduction | Inhibitor name |
1 | Phosphorylase | Phosphorylase | CP-91149 |
2 | IL Receptor | Interleukin receptor | Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate |
3 | Thrombin | Thrombin | Dabigatran (BIBR 953) |
4 | Liver X Receptor | Liver X receptor | SR9243 |
5 | PKA | Protein kinase A | H 89 2HCl |
6 | Substance P | P substance | Aprepitant |
7 | gp120/CD4 | gp120 Protein/CD4Protein | BMS-378806 |
8 | FXR | Farnesoid X receptor | Guggulsterones |
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